Methods for preventing and controlling the difficulty of mushroom production of mushroom bags

In recent years, the "Xixia model" of cultivating mushrooms with bagged mushrooms has become a model for China's southern mushrooms to move northward, and it has blossomed all over the country. However, due to the temperature difference of regional climate and the fact that mushroom farmers in newly developed areas know little about the types and characteristics of mushroom varieties, mushroom varieties of medium-temperature type, such as 135,241,939,L26, etc., are used in cultivation, or strains of the same type are used to promote mushrooms in low-temperature seasons, resulting in the abnormal phenomenon that mushrooms cannot normally produce mushrooms, with light production reduction and heavy losses.

1. Select suitable strains: If the temperature is around 15 ℃ in winter, select low-temperature strains that produce mushrooms at 5-18 ℃, such as 193, 135, 7410 (Ri Nong Da Ye) and strains with a wide range of mushroom temperatures at 8-22 ℃, such as 925, 938, Zhongxing 8, etc. If there is no selection condition and the medium temperature strain is used, the following measures can be adopted to produce mushrooms smoothly.

2. Moisture-controlled mixing material: the water content of the fungus rod culture material is 50%-55%. That is, according to the dry raw material water ratio of 1:0, 8-0, 9, fresh sawdust water 1:0, 5-0, 7. The water content of the culture material with material-water ratio of 1:1 and 2 introduced by common materials is more than 55%.

The formula for calculating the moisture content of the culture material is: the culture material + water = the total amount of the culture material, the moisture content of the culture material itself (generally the moisture content of the material after drying in the sun is about 3-18%) + water = the total amount of water, and the total amount of water ÷ the total amount of the culture material = the moisture content%. For example, adding 90kg of water to 100kg of raw materials with a moisture content of 15% and substituting it into the above formula can obtain a moisture content of 55 and 26%. Moisture content is lower than 45%, mycelium growth is fine and slow, moisture content is higher than 65%, mycelium growth stagnates.

3. Dehydration and color change: After the fungus stick is full of fungus, it is moved into the mushroom shed, and 4 rows of holes are punched into the fungus stick with screws with a diameter of 5-8mm, each row has 10-15 holes, and the hole depth is 1/2mm of the diameter of the fungus stick. After the mycelium is promoted to differentiate the culture material, the accumulated water volatilizes in an appropriate amount, and provides a "porous" condition for the yellow-brown liquid secreted in the process of color conversion of the fungus stick to provide automatic outflow, so as to prevent the skin of the color conversion fungus from being too thick or the fungus stick from being damaged by accumulated water. Among them, the summer fungus stick can change color in natural temperature, summer and autumn cultivation bag change color management temperature 15-26 ℃, the best 18-22 ℃. During the color change phase, the fungus stick is rotated every 6-10 days to promote the outflow of water in the fungus stick.

4. Ventilation over summer: The sun-blocking fence around the mushroom shed over summer leaves a ventilation passage of about 1 meter along the opposite edge of the mushroom shed. Every day, the place where the mushroom shed faces away from the sunshine is opened wide. In the northwest in the morning and southeast in the afternoon, it is kept open to facilitate ventilation. To prevent the accumulated temperature in the shed from burning bags, or the long-term dampness will affect the moisture discharge, so that the fungus sticks will volatilize moisture in the summer under ventilated conditions, and 20-30% of the weight during cultivation will be removed, which is conducive to promoting the control of the uniformity of mushroom production by the difference between dry and wet conditions.

5. Comprehensive bud promotion: Before mushroom promotion, the mushroom stick is punctured by the method of "dehydration and color change". Two rows of punctures are selected on one side of the mushroom stick, soaked in water for 2-3 hours, and soaked in water for 4-12 hours after the second tide. After soaking in water, wrap it tightly with greenhouse film, increase the temperature in sunlight, promote the temperature to reach 32 ℃ and keep it for 2-4 hours, then stimulate it at 8-12 ℃ at night for 2-3 hours, and then close it and keep it at 15-24 ℃ for 2-3 days to produce mushrooms. Or put the soaked mushroom stick in the upper three layers of the mushroom shed, and heat it with sunlight or underground fire channel and mushroom raising machine. The management is the same as above. However, it is not as fast and full as the former, but it is less labor-saving than the former.

6. Warming to promote buds: In the low temperature season, use the "comprehensive buds promotion" method to discharge the fungus sticks into the room in two vertical layers, cover them tightly with a greenhouse film, heat them under the greenhouse film with a coal stove and a kettle, keep the temperature at 20-26 ℃, and mushrooms can be produced in 2-4 days. After mushroom production, the mushroom sticks are selected once a day and put into the mushroom shed, keeping the temperature in the shed above 8 ℃, spraying to keep the temperature at about 80%, cutting the film and selecting the bud to set the plant for mushroom production management.